Efecto de la dieta en el desarrollo de la caries dental desde la infancia hasta la adolescencia: estudio longitudinal prospectivo
Palabras clave:
caries; dieta; fluoruros; azúcar.Resumen
Objetivo: Evaluar la relación entre la dieta y la caries en adolescentes con alta ingesta de azúcar en la infancia. Métodos: Se examinaron 220 niños para evaluar la caries dental. Los padres respondieron cuestionarios sobre frecuencia de consumo alimentario y salud bucal, y se registraron los alimentos consumidos durante el refrigerio escolar. Después de 10 años, se realizó una reavaluación con los mismos criterios. Resultados: Se reexaminó a 176 adolescentes (80%). El consumo de azúcar extrínseco en el hogar y la frecuencia de cepillado fueron similares en ambas fases. En la segunda fase, hubo un aumento en el consumo de azúcares (p < 0,001). Las lesiones de caries aumentaron, predominando la baja severidad. El veinte por ciento de los niños libres de caries en la dentición decidua desarrollaron la enfermedad en la adolescencia (p = 0,012). Conclusión: Un mayor consumo de alimentos con azúcar y menos tiempo desde la última consulta al dentista están asociados a una mayor experiencia de caries en adolescentes.
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